is surah al-'adiyat a meccan or a medinan surah? (with an emphasis on the context of the surah’s revelation)

surah al-`adiyat is one of the controversial surahs as to whether it is a meccan or a medinan surah. if we determine the place of revelation, it can help us in better interpreting and understanding of surah. because of the oaths in the opening lines of this surah, some commentators believe that it concerns jihad which became obligatory in medina. there are also narratives that date the revelation to after the battle of chains and consider surah al-`adiyat as a medinan surah. however, with a closer look at the meccan style of this surah and authentic narratives that label it as a meccan surah, we can determine that it is meccan and the opening oaths that refer to war do not relate to the obligation of jihad in medina. the other reason for considering surah al-`adiyat as meccan is the content of the surah that concerns the resurrection and the day of judgment, which is a common feature of meccan surahs. an authentic narrative tells of imam ali’s (as) explanation that the title al-`adiyat refers to camels in the hajj. even if the term al-`adiyat refers to horses, it would have meant war horses, which are different from jihadi horses. this is because war horses had a special place among the people of mecca before the rise of islam.